Air Pollution Health and Environmental Impacts Assignment

Essays on Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts Assignment The paper "Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts" is a wonderful example of an assignment on environmental studies.a The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a concept that was coined by the World Health Organization to describe the idea that not all years are created equally in health terms. For example, an individual who is suffering from a disability such as COPD will not have the same quality of life as a completely healthy individual and therefore their year cannot be quantified in the same way. It is a way of understanding the burden of disease on lifestyles and judge how much of a burden different issues are on how an individual lives their life (Gurjar, Molina Ojha 170).b According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 4.6 million life-years are lost due to air pollution every year (Gurjar, Molina Ojha 173). c Particle size has an effect on health. Particles that are larger than 10 nanometers in diameter are found in the upper regions of the respiratory tract, such as the nose and upper throat. Particles 1 nanometers in diameter or less can reach the lower areas of the respiratory tract, such as the very base of the lung (Gurjar, Molina Ojha 171). The types of effect that these have on health, therefore, differ – larger particles are likely to cause superficial illness such as a cough, whereas smaller particles in the lower echelons of the lung are likely to have a larger effect as they are more likely to reach the bloodstream and other areas of the body. All particles can cause premature death, heart attacks, irregular heartbeat and problems in individuals with asthma, as well as being linked to COPD (Gurjar, Molina Ojha 180).

What is Hip-Hop Free Essays

Decades ago, hip-hop was associated and characterized with baggy pants and loose shirts. Hip-hop connoted one’s identity and is also considered as a form of self expression. However, that connotation has evolved through time. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Hip-Hop? or any similar topic only for you Order Now These days, hip-hop is not just mainly a self-articulation; it is now more of a culture and a movement that focuses on music, fashion and self-articulation. During the 1970s, only several black radio stations played disco music which gave negative implication on African Americans. Because of this, they reacted and responded by hosting â€Å"block parties,† which is usually comprised of disc jockey (DJ)–a person who plays funk, disco and soul music–within their communities. A little later, hip-hop started to emerge in Bronx when a DJ named Clive â€Å"Kool Herc† Campbell utilized percussion break beats to craft songs derived from Jamaican dance hall music. Hip-hop, thus, started to flourish. Performers who spoke in sync with beat became known as emcees (MCs). Few of the famous groups in this field are Afrika Bombaataa and the Zulu Nation (Coger, 2009). Afrika Bombaataa was the one who coined the term hip-hop and gave rise to the emerging popularity of the genre. According to Afrika Bombaataa, hip-hop was derived from Lovebug Starski, a South Bronx disc jockey wherein he always says, â€Å"hip hop you don’t stop that makes your body rock. † Bombaataa started using the term by pertaining to ghetto-culture that emerged on the streets. Moreover, his concept of hip-hop covered urban street expression and attitude such as gestures, language and stylized clothes that were attributed with street culture (Reyes 47-49, 98). Nowadays, hip-hop has extended its meanings, definitions and characterizations. Hiphop, a word usually spelled as hip-hop, Hip-hop, Hip-Hop or Hiphop (â€Å"HipHop†), is a cultural movement than began in urban youth in New York, from primarily African American which further extended around the world (â€Å"Hip Hop†). Its emergence represents black youth organization, an illustration of a particular species of social movement. Hip-hop, as a movement, needs to be discussed carefully because its depiction is occupied with style, performance, opposition, leisure, consumption, representation and entrepreneurship (Watkins 65). On the other hand, hip-hop is also exemplified as a form of music. It is a billion dollar industry and one of the most renowned music genres in the world (Coger). It encompasses four elements namely MCing, DJing, graffiti art and break dancing. Others consider beat boxing as its fifth element (â€Å"Hip Hop†). Since its acceptance and creation, hip-hop has conjured up its wonder by commemorating its origins and by maintaining its expression of social, political and personal struggles (Rentas 2009). The aforementioned definitions of hip-hop can be traced from Bombaataa; however it is not anymore applicable to the hip-hop acts of today because several famous artists do not anymore embrace hip-hop as a self-expressive message; instead they frequently produce music for the sole reason and purpose of selling a commodity (Berky and Greer). Hip-hop, in another sense, is more than just a form of music. It is also considered as a state of being, a form of expression, spoken words, a mindset and a lifestyle. It is also a manner of articulating one’s self by way of dress, language, writing, personality, attitude and behavior (Leslie). Hip-hop is a culture that materialized as a worldview among adults and youth born after 1965. It covers shared beliefs, practices and language, all of which are bound together by a common appreciation for urban aesthetic. Hip-hop as a culture and worldview possesses two essential characteristics: the urban youth aesthetics and urban youth experience (Ginwright 31). Hip-hop as an urban youth aesthetic is most distinguishable through its physical features that are articulated through music, language, clothing and art. It pertains to the visual and artistic expression. On the contrary, hip-hop as an urban youth experience is molded by economic seclusion, poverty and struggle â€Å"to make it out† of the paraphernalia of ghettos. It validates and legitimizes the experiences of pain, hostility, fear, hope and love that have been overlooked in mainstream America for the urban youth. Thus, the relationship between black youth identity and hip-hop cannot be separated (Ginwright 31-32). Furthermore, hip-hop is regarded as a social movement. Social movement is generally characterized by sociologists as collective efforts that endeavor social change. However, hip-hop as a social movement follows different pattern because of three important considerations. First is its emergence as a movement which belongs in the field of pop culture, is a discipline not commonly considered as political and not generally recognized as capable of producing social change. Second is the fact that it is founded and patronized by youth and creative people, who are not ordinarily looked upon as interested in implementing social change. Lastly, it allows the participants to see themselves as part of a bigger society. Thus, it creates a sense of collective identity and organization. Hip-hop as a movement represents a different mode of intervention in the social realm (Watkins 65). If hip-hop is not acknowledged then as a movement that can make a change in the world, on the other hand, it is essential to look at it from another side. Today, hip-hop has revolutionized new genres of music, such as reggaeton, and has influenced the political system. One good example is when Kilopatrick, from a hip-hop generation, defeated the Detroit’s current mayor Gil Hill. It is because the youths from the hip-hop generation have already grown and have already obtained the right and freedom to vote. Their voices have already begun to be heard in the political spectrum. During that time, the election is divided by generation gap that the candidates represented for. The victory of Kilopatrick illustrates the hip-hop’s power over the political arena in order to craft political changes, which for them are very important (qtd. Berky and Greer). Hip-hop is hailed for creating impacts on the society, especially to women of color. Hip-hop, hence, gives a space and outline for their lives. It can be sifted in their hair style, as well as in the way they run, pose, turn, talk and walk. Women has now influenced and affected most elements of hip-hop such as break dancing, poetry, MC, DJ, graffiti artists, beat boxing and pop locking. Hip-hop has also made its way on beauty pageants and top models just like how Tyra Bank’s UPN show, America’s Next Top Model, chooses two hip-hop fashion models in the previous two years (Leslie). On the other hand, hip-hop has been one of the sources of controversies. As such, it has already been blamed and accused of elevating violence, misogyny and homophobia (â€Å"Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes†). Critics have also said that it promotes rebellion and prostitution. Several hip-hop artists exploit women of color through their song lyrics which depict contempt of women (Leslie). Hip-hop is not just a style of fashion where the youth wears baggy clothes, tattoos or ghetto attires (Leslie). Hip-hop comes in many forms. It is a social movement because its members are youth of a particular community who expresses and articulates their voices and ideas through MCing, DJing, graffiti art and poetry. Even some of hip-hop forms have inculcated political activism within its tenets. Hip-hop is also a cultural movement because it mirrors the culture of a particular group during a particular time. It transpires in a community setting where youth creates a collective identity of the group and of the hip-hop culture itself. Nonetheless, hip-hop is a form of music. Nowadays, it is considered as one of the most well-known genres by marking a history in the music industry. Moreover, hip-hop is indeed an expression of one’s self – a form of articulating and expressing one’s nature and character through hair styles, fashion, music, language and representation. How to cite What is Hip-Hop?, Papers

Early Learning Centre Lead Educator Childhood Education

Question: Discuss about theEarly Learning Centre Lead Educator for Childhood Education. Answer: Present Australian Early Childhood Education and Care System and the Role of Leadership: The period that starts from the birth to being five years of age is vital in many perspectives for the development, future and well being of children. However there are many fragments of Care and Education for Early Childhood also known as ECE (Bell, Jean-Sigur and Kim, 2015). The present care and Education of Early childhood in Australia provided by a diverse group of education providers in a combined market which includes profit, non profit and government organization along with organization based on community. A division between the different mix of providing care and education to the early child has slowly started diminishing. Today Child care in Context of Australia also comprises the family of a child. It has been divided into services for care occasionally and care for long day along services for children of school-aged (Children.gov.on.ca, 2015). More than eight hundred thousand children in Australia are provided formal care services for child that includes more than six hundred thousand children below the age of six (Whalley, 2008). The system of education Preschool had been a common phenomenon in Australia. Leadership plays a big role in this part. A Leader establishes the fact that early child care is more than education and care to the children (The role of the educational leader, 2012). Children need to be more than what guidance they are being provided. The leader must have a enthusiastic interest in curriculum of early childhood and the interest for learning more. In order to provide innovative way for education and care the leader must investigate new ways of thinking (Branscomb and Ethridge, 2010). A leader must also make an effort to establish a relationship for the staff that would lead to constructive and open conversations for a curriculum. A leaders leadership should also identify contributions, backgrounds, experience of diverse nature that the education providers should bring forth for effective care and education to children (Crowe, McLeod and Ching, 2012). There had been families who could not provide ample time for a proper care of their children so they opt for institutions that provide early education for children. With an experience of providing guidance to a child I experienced that children wants attention, especially that from their close acquaintance but if a regular interaction happens then they easily finds it easy to trust the person. Child care requires a good amount of patience so that teaching is done in a careful manner (Whitehead, 2008). The current Australian education of early childhood is undergoing a rapid change, policies of education and childcare and related services have been concentrating over community views and values about the womens essential role for care providing and the familys sanctity. Very recently the strong changing and lobbying insight about the economic significance of women along with trajectories of the development of young children have concluded initially in a stronger commitment of the government for labour supply and child care in better idea for the significance of early childhood care and education program. Today, the junction of the ideological positions on non-parental care for children and the actuality of the participation of women workforce mean that, majority children needs some form of care by the non-parents. Nevertheless, despite the importance of care and social shifts there is no universal entitlement of care and education for children during compulsory schooling. The role of a leader not only limits to the institute or organization he belongs to. The role is for a better society of children. Leaders lead and provide guidance to their staff for performing better in their job. The job is to provide a good standard of care and education. The efficiency does not lie in the quality the standard but in the innovative and acceptable way of providing education and care. Hence creativity is the key player for a leader (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2011). The leader should apply creativity in their way of teaching as well as encourage their staff to creatively apply effective process of learning. This process must be ensured that they are helpful and will work effectively in making a child learn at his/her early age (Isenberg and Jalongo, 2010). I think along with care and education activities relating to moral guidance for the children is also very important. This is because if a direct message is given to children regarding what to do and what not to do then that wouldnt make an imprint in their mind and wont last for long. Whereas playful activities like teamwork and importance of understanding how to behave and understand what is right and what is wrong is a vital and most appreciating task. National Quality Framework, National Quality StandardandEarly Years Learning Framework and the Role of Leadership: Every Childs future is nurtured by the care giver which provides a better development in the early stage of a child. This requires a good quality of care and education that provides better developmental and educational outcomes. The national quality standard initiates a new concept of quality standard across family day care, long day care, outside school hours and preschool. For a Bed (ECE) student, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the trends and matters in care and education for children from birth to 8 years old and be well prepared for further studies or work in the field of care and education for young children. The teacher should have a Certificate of Ontario Teacher. The BEd ECE learners program helped me to take on positions that need a strong base in early care and education. The benefits of being able to examine the standards for national professional are- It helped in understanding the importance of not only teaching young children but also understand the meaning of leadership. Outcomes like better health are achieved with good quality care and I think employment and education are the good outcomes that a child prospers when they grow. In order to provide a good quality of care it is needed to maintain a ratio of staffs because children need to rely on people and also they need to adopt the comprehending style of teaching. To o many ways would make it hard for children to adapt learning process. The main aim of national quality framework was to provide the best possible start in life for children and the accountability and transparency of teaching. The national quality standard: It provides the educational and developmental benefits to the childrens which includes: The quality ratio of improved educator and child. Greater care and attention individually for children Enhanced skilled educators Quality support for development and learning and National register for parents to access information about quality of care service and education in this field. The Early years learning framework: the framework Through the early years of learning outcome I have gained some experience on the complex and integrated learning and development of childrens around five years of age, I found that the children have a good sense of identity at this stage. They are very much contributed to their world. They have strong sense wellbeing and they are confident learners. In my knowledge and experience I have seen that the process of learning is influenced by the capabilities of children, their preferences and dispositions. I have also understood the importance of engaging communities and the families of the child. The outcomes clearly demonstrated that how the basic three elements practices, outcomes and principles guides the assessment and decision making for the promotion of children learning. Issues Around Quality in Early Child Education and the Role of Leadership: Children are good learners at a very early age they tend to copy and repeat what exactly they see. Use of abusive language makes a negative impact to the children (SUMSION, SHEPHERD and FENECH, 2010). Here the physical environment and the conversation of parents are to be partly blamed. Anything colourful and moving attracts the children therefore it is obvious that the children gets attracted to videos in T.V or Laptops or in Tabs, if the content conveys a good message without abusive use of language then it helps to set a proper environment and helps in their growth (Maher and Bellen, 2014). Children require attention and their creativity needs to be encouraged. I have seen at a very early age children has a good imagination power and they see things in a simple way of their own. This imagination power is now very much affected by what happens around and what is been forcefully implemented (Maynard and Waters, 2014). If a child is asked to interact with a television personality live in a show, then the way he will behave will differ from the way he usually behaves. This is because their parents generally implement the idea of how to behave and what to say so that the personality would get impressed (Pearson and Degotardi, 2009). Definitely a child needs to learn how to behave but not suppressing his/her imagination at stake. There are certain issues related to ECE and care they are: For working families it is crucial to afford and access quality childcare, there are also some issues like the impact of early childhood development of later learning and life outcomes, the importance of ECEC services in supporting participation of workforces specially among the working mothers. In this context the role of leadership is: To encourage the staff for having a session with the parents of a child. To create a strategy for making ECEC affordable and accessible for the families To enhance the quality of education and care providers by constant evaluating, designing training schedules for them and evaluation process. Guide the subordinate whenever required. Capacity and assessment of qualities for leading a team of Educators: Having an overview on teachers professional standard on national level helped in understanding the professional practice, learning and engagement facilities that helps in improving the teaching quality. It provided an overall guidance on how teacher should contribute positively through their Experience and how they are expected to do the four career stages, that is the proficient highly accomplished, graduate and the lead (Teacherstandards.aitsl.edu.au, 2015). Self assessment on leadership according to Australian teachers professional standards: Focus area Leadership traits assesment Physical, intellectual and social development features of student For these children it is important to have special skilled staff and with the help of these staff a meeting will be helped for a session in order to guide them for enhancing the students. Providing innovative strategy like bush preschool and help to guide teachers on guiding gifted childrens and provide opportunities for them to flourish Focus area IOPS Implementation of range of strategies. Helping to conduct workshops that help in child development. Comprehend the learning style of students Provide process for evaluating teaching styles using workplace knowledge and students feedback on how much they understand the subject. Have the enthusiasm to welcome ideas from subbordiates and add something more to make it effective. Students with diverse backgrounds Revise and evaluate school teaching and learning programs, using community knowledge and expert view along with experience in order to meet the requirements of students with varied socioeconomic, religious, cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Informally building a relationship with students and their guardians so that how much learning si helping them and make the staffs involve with the schedule of the learners. Strategies for teaching Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal students with the help of Torres strait and aboriginal students develop teaching program by enhancing collaborative relationship Have had an experience of interacting with such community and have the interest on working with them Differentiate education to meet the exact learning needs of learners across the full series of abilities Lead the staff for evaluating an effectual teaching and learning programs o students including the whole range of abilities. Like utilizing data for improvement for yearly curriculum. Studying about training staff and being a trainee I have an idea on what a trainee needs and how much effort and interest is needed. Strategies to sustain full contribution of students with disability Lead and initiating review on the policies of school for engaging students with disability. Like language interventions. Knowledge guidance on agriculture and science. Conduct monthly policies for evaluating on the progress of the students in an average basis. Have an idea of evaluating database. This assessment is an aim to demonstrate the experience and capacity of leadership potential. There are certain aspects where I need to work, that are in order to implement a good strategic plan for the organization it is very important to understand the structure of the organization and make relevant policies. More innovation is needed in my operation than using old rules and policies. Patience is a big skill that I need to have for any evaluation and one thing that I should follow is fair policy by avoiding favouritism. The Leadership and Management for Improving the Quality of ECE Where the manager focuses on the structure there a leader concentrated on his people. The leader is an example setter whom everyone should follow. A manager is someone whom people will follow but one who is controls and guides people is a manger. According to my experience a teacher should be an excellent manager as well as a leader. A teacher should influence their student to be like him/her. But a manager would just control them and give them directions. When a teacher goes beyond teaching a student thats when a leader get his way. While working for a reputed educational centre I experienced conflicts among the children which needed to be controlled tactfully. For a child it is important to pay attention and to give necessary lesson and make them understand where they went wrong. This was done in such a way that they understood the importance of behaving in a disciplinary way and the significance of apologizing. Apart from that I helped my colleague to sort out an issue that happened between a parent and her. Everyone should know how to behave with the families and the children. It is also important as an educator to establish a fair treatment of children of disability, other communities and of poor background. Every child including the staff should be treated fairly, it is important to maintain a healthy education centre. References Bell, D., Jean-Sigur, R. and Kim, Y. (2015). Going Global in Early Childhood Education.Childhood Education, 91(2), pp.90-100. Branscomb, K. and Ethridge, E. (2010). Promoting Professionalism in Infant Care: Lessons From a Yearlong Teacher Preparation Project.Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 31(3), pp.207-221. gov.on.ca, (2015).Early Learning for Every Child Today. [online] Available at: https://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/early_learning_for_every_child_today.aspx [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Gestwicki, C. and Bertrand, J. (2011).Essentials of Early Childhood Educatio. Nelson College Indigenous, p.336. Guide to the National Quality Standard. (2013). 1st ed. [ebook] p.200. Available at: https://files.acecqa.gov.au/files/National-Quality-Framework-Resources-Kit/NQF03-Guide-to-NQS-130902.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Jo Taylor, A. (2011). Coming, ready or not: Aboriginal children's transition to school in urban Australia and the policy push.International Journal of Early Years Education, 19(2), pp.145-161. Maher, M. and Bellen, L. (2014). Smoothing Childrens Transition into Formal Schooling: Addressing Complexities in an Early Literacy Initiative in Remote Aboriginal Communities, Northern Territory, Australia.Early Childhood Education Journal, 43(1), pp.9-17. Maynard, T. and Waters, J. (2014).Exploring Outdoor Play In The Early Years. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Pearson, E. and Degotardi, S. (2009). Education for sustainable development in early childhood education: A global solution to local concerns?.International Journal of Early Childhood, 41(2), pp.97-111. Pramling Samuelsson, I. and Fleer, M. (2009).Play and learning in early childhood settings. [New York]: Springer. R Jalongo, M. (2011).Exploring Your Role in Early Childhood Education, 4/e By Exploring Your Role in Early Childhood Education,. 4th ed. Pearson, p.Pearson. Se?k?ne, L. (2014). PRESCHOOL TEACHERS ATTITUDE TO ENTERPRISE IN PRESCHOOL INSTITUTION.Education in a Changing Society, 1(0). SUMSION, J., SHEPHERD, W. and FENECH, M. (2010). Promoting Early Childhood Teacher Professionalism in the Australian Context: the place of resistance.ciec, 11(1), p.89. The role of the educational leader. (2012). 1st ed. [ebook] p.4. Available at: https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/nqsplp/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/NQS-12-177-TAPS-Video-Launch-Role-of-Educational-Leader.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Rodd, J. (2006).Leadership in early childhood. Maidstone, England: Open University Press. Whalley, M. (2008).Leading practice in early years setting. Exeter: Learning Matters. Whitehead, K. (2008). The Construction of Early Childhood Teachers' Professional Identities, Then and Now.Australian Journal Of Early Childhood,33(3), 8. aitsl.edu.au,. (2015).Standards - AITSL, Australian Professional Standards for Teachers. Retrieved 22 March 2015, from https://www.teacherstandards.aitsl.edu.au/Standards/Standards/AllStandards

The Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burn Essay Example For Students

The Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burn Essay ing Barn Burning EssaysThe Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burning William Faulkners short story Barn Burning is the tale of a southernman forced into a role by society. Barn Burning takes place in the post CivilWar South where a mans place in society is derived by their actions during thewar. Ab Snopse, a man who served both the North and the South, is plagued withhis non-allegiance and failure to accept authority. When Ab comes into conflictwith his employer, he finds himself taking control from the authority figure,and reverting back to his mercenary ways. Having no allegiance, Ab makes themove from helping hand to the enemy by burning down barns. We will write a custom essay on The Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Along with many of Faulkners short stories, Barn Burning is set inthe imaginary Mississippi county of Yoknapatawpha. During the restoration ofthe South, the time period following the Civil War, the only thing that kept theSouth alive and running where the memories of fallen heroes and the belief thatthe South would someday regain the status that it had once held. Families likethe Sartorises and the de Spains were glorified and praised for honors thattheir family members had achieved during battle. The honor that families likethese were granted placed them in public offices, and gave them opportunities toprosper where others could only dream about. This same honor seemed to carry onto those who shared the names of the great war heroes. Hey, the Justice said. Talk louder. Colonel Sartoris? I reckon anybody named for Colonel Sartoris inthis county cant help but tell the truth, can they? (Kennedy 163). On the other hand, the Snopses are viewed as dishonorable. During thewar, Ab Snopse was considered a mercenary for serving both sides of the way. nights passed during those four years in the woods hiding from all men, blueand gray, with his strings of horses (captured horses, he called them) (165). Ab stole horses from the North and the South, to earn a living. He was evenshot by a confederate soldier, His father turned, and he followed the stiffblack coat, the wiry figure walking a little stiffly from where a Confederateprovosts mans musket ball had taken him in the heel on a stolen horse thirtyyears ago(164). Actions like these caused the community to look down uponthe Snopses, which in turn caused Ab to invoke revenge upon his adversaries. When Ab comes into conflict with an employer, he reverts to his oldCivil War ways of non allegiance to benefit himself. Mayor de Spain accuses Abof intentionally destroying his rug. After Abs attempts to fix the rug fail,de Spain charges him twenty bushels of corn for the damages. Ab, feeling thattwenty bushels are too steep a price for the damages, takes de Spain to courtand sues him. The Justice of the Peace lowers the fine for the damages, but Abis still not satisfied. Feeling unjustly punished, Ab does the only thing thathe knows, he burns down de Spains barn, and is shot and killed in the process. Ab has never held an allegiance to any man or thing. His life is one ofself-preservation. During the war he worked for both sides without allegiance,bound only by who was paying. In life after the war he has not changed one bit. He travels from farm to farm, sharecropping to provide for his family. When hefeels pressure from an authority he takes the power away from them by burningwhat they own. His allegiance to an employer lasts only as long as he retains the power. Once that is gone, he simply takes it back by force, and moves on.

Showboat essays

Showboat essays Showboat is a musical production whose story takes place over fifty years. The movie deals with alcoholism, prejudice, and unhappy marriages. It was the very first musical to deal with issues such as those. The owner of the boat is Captain Hawks and he has a daughter, Magnolia. She falls in love with an actor, Gaylord Ravenal who gets a job on the Cotton Blossom (the name of the showboat). Magnolias parents are very strict and do not approve of him because he is a riverboat gambler. Magnolia and Gaylord end up getting married and this is a very unhappy marriage. Magnolia and Gaylord end up leaving the showboat because of her parents and they go live in Chicago. Their marriage is wrecked because Gaylord had an obsession with gambling and he loses all of their money. Magnolias closest friend on the boat Julie LaVerne is mulatto, which means she is half-black. Julie was married to a white man. When the sheriff discovers this they are forced to leave the showboat because the law in the south forbade that. This law, although not an actual law, is still upheld by numerous amounts of people. People frown upon it for many reasons such as they think it may cause problems for their kids, or because they are prejudice. They think that the mixing of races cant work in todays society. The marriage problem that Magnolia and Gaylord faced is a common problem among couples today. His obsession for gambling became so powerful that he let it take over his life. Fortunately this couples story had a happy ending, but in real life gambling problems be extremely harmful to marriages. ...

A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

Ibsen said that his mission in life was to â€Å"Inspire individuals to freedom and independence† which was shown throughout the play A Doll House. Since he wrote modern theatre, the characters were real and audiences could relate to them. He particularly questioned the role of men and women during his time. Ibsen used A Doll House to motivate women so they would seek more power and freedom in their relationships. Audiences could then look up to characters such as Nora and Mrs Linde whom were independent, some what ahead of their times. Ibsen’s purpose was to not only to enlighten women of their unfair status but also to make the men understand women are much smarter than what they think. His goal was to change these attitudes of all humans so equality could be reached. By 1878-79, when A Doll House was written, women’s rights had become a burning issue. People such as John Stuart Mill who wrote The Subjection of Women (1869) were one of the first to raise these issues and could be seen as an early feminist. They raised question as to whether the female role was fair. Before then, women were very submissive and had little opportunities. They were unable to have a job and were expected to do household duties and take care of the children. Men were the dominant ones but the women knew no different. For the few who could see this inequality, they were seen as ‘unfeminine’ as they were thinking for themselves, which is something only a man would do. Ibsen would be on their sides and tried to express that it was all right, through his characters. Nora plays upon her innocence and helplessness at the beginning to achieve things, being the typical stereotype of women in this time. â€Å"Oh, please, stand up for themselves. They were unlike the stereotype in which women were made into and took responsibility for their actions. The play would make people think and discuss these roles of men and women and even question the values of society. Ibsen hoped he would make women realise they deserve a choice as to whether they want to marry and to be equal with men. Bibliography Mills, John Stuart 1860, The Subjection of Women, Prometheus Books, New York â€Å"Ibsen- woman’s rights† 2005 http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mdm/2001/fr/ibsen/form.html, 24/04/05 â€Å"A Doll House- Ibsen† 2005 http://www.novelguide.com/ADoll'sHouse/themeanalysis.html 24/04/05 â€Å"Woman’s right and roles† 2005 http://www.unesco.no/kommunikasjon/hukommelse/ibsen.html. 24/04/05 â€Å"Woman’s Liberation, Ibsen† 2005 http://www.international-relations.com/cm3-2/Feminismweb. html 24/04/05

The Apostle Pauls Contributions to Christianity Essay

The Apostle Pauls Contributions to Christianity - Essay Example There is no figure, other than Jesus Christ, that is more popular in the history of Christianity than the Apostle Paul. This could be a controversial point among Christian believers but the New Testament part of the Bible is the living witness to this claim. Others claimed that based on the four Gospels St. Peter was the first person who was tasked to lead the church established by Jesus Christ and was the key person in the establishment of Christianity and Paul was not even among the 12 disciples. Whoever among them was the first head of the church is not the concern here. Our focus is on the contribution of St. Paul being an apostle of Christ to the organization he has left his followers. Review of the literatures available has led us to a point that St. Paul has the greatest contributions in the growth of the Christian faith from Jewish to the non-Jewish populace of the world. This essay is aimed to present the underlying support facts on this claim based from the books of the New Testament, which are the major source of information concerning the major inputs of St. Paul to the church. Other facts based on the succeeding history could be a good point to consider in evaluating the impact of these contributions. The identified contributions To strengthen the assertion mentioned above it is proper to mention the remarkable achievement of the Apostle Paul in the spread of the Christian religion throughout the world. Among which are: 1) more than 50% of the contents of the books comprising the New Testament can be connected to him, his works in spreading the Good News and the letters he wrote to the early believers and the doctrines these documents contained; and 2) he has traveled more places in the world to spread the Gospels which were instrumental in the conversions of a lot of non-Jewish people to the Christian faith. Because of this he was the key figure in establishing a strong foundation of Christianity and the institution of the Catholic Church in Rome and later throughout the world. The New Testament documents: Messages and doctrines based on early works The first remarkable point we considered as a great contribution of Saint Paul to the Christian society is the collection of books whose contents bear the messages and records of works of his ministry. Among the 27 books of the New Testament, which include the 4 Gospels, Acts, 21 epistles, and the Revelation, majority or about 15 (The Acts and 14 epistles) are accounted to St. Paul (Religious Facts, 2007). There are questions, however, on the authorship of the epistles as it is obvious that St. Paul did not write them personally but the contents were the issue considered here. Scholars who argued that some of these epistles were not written by Paul agreed that they are written by others who have heard Paul's teachings. The Acts only covered in the early chapters the works of the other disciples such as Peter, John, James, and others, and the rest covered the journeys of St. Paul from Jerusalem to other parts of Rome as he proclaimed the message of the Christianity. The Pauline epistles clearly conveyed the message from Apostle Paul, either alone or with other Christian believer with him, for the early believers or community of believers. This does not mean that the other disciples did not do their job. It simply means that Paul's ministry was able to use better means in conveying the message and took a medium that would be instrumental in preserving the teachings through written documents for use by future generations. Most of the teaching contained in the epistles of Paul and the Acts were used as basis of the practices and guiding principles of the early communities especially the non-Jews in the early part of Christian history and were adopted even by the later Christian churches. They were used as reference to clarify misunderstanding between Jew and gentile believers of Christianity. Among the famous teachings of Paul was justification by faith and the exclusion of the

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically Case Study

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically - Case Study Example For starters we are informed that Great Wall organized itself functionally. This implies that the organization is then better placed to accurately define its recruitment, training, rewards and staff retention policies for each area of concentration. Also, using the functional divisions Great Wall is able to utilize a decision-focused approach which is based on the three decision making levels, namely operational, managerial and strategic. Recruitment We are informed that staff that was recruited was chosen based on their experience and interpersonal skills. Experience enables them to add value immediately to Great Wall and this is important for the organization as it seeks to rise to the pinnacle of Asian golf resorts. Furthermore, unlike their competitors Great Wall hired senior managers from Asia who had a better understanding of the culture and social practices of the Chinese target market. Training Great Wall knew that for the organization to raise its profile to world class it w ould have to invest in training its staff to meet those world class standards. From Exhibit 4 in the case we can see how Great Wall differentiated the training offered to its staff based on their level. There was the mandatory training required for all staff and additional training offered to staff that was at supervisory level and above. This is in line with the decision-focused approach to HRM. ... Great Wall’s HR thus devised various informal and formal reward systems for managerial staff as well as rank and file employees. For example reward systems for rank and file employees included â€Å"Employee of the Month† which gave employees recognition as well as one month’s salary as financial reward. On the other hand, the best caddies would receive both monetary and non-monetary rewards for superior service and performance, with the monetary rewards being issued quarterly. Staff retention Another major challenge that Great Wall faced as an employer in China stemmed from the migrant nature of the workforce. Even though its staff turnover was lower than the industry average, it was still higher than Great Wall’s desired level. The company knew that its ability to retain staff that had long-standing relationships with members was a key competitive advantage thus it had to lower its staff turnover. With this goal in mind, the organization used a combinati on of incentive plans such as putting in place both formal and informal reward systems, trainings, comfortable housing, medical plans and so on. How do the HRM practices at Great Wall support Great Wall's strategy? Corporate strategy is about what a company wants and how the company should go about to satisfy this want. To achieve its main goal the company employs a grand strategy. Grand strategies fall into three general categories which reflect what a company’s overall goal would be namely: growth, stability or retrenchment. From the context of the case Great Wall’s grand strategy was to grow. The organization aimed to achieve this growth through placing emphasis

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay Example for Free

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay This essay will be looking at the Shariah and how it is applied and how it affects the lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture. In Islam Shariah is the name for the Islamic law, which applies to all aspects of the life of a Muslim. The Shariah includes all aspects of life from the daily activities, worship, criminal law and everything else. It is compulsory by every Muslim and by all Muslim nations to put into practice the Islamic Shariah and make it the source of all law and legislation. In Arabic, Shariah means the clear, well-trodden path to water. (www.bbc.co.uk). In Islam is it used to refer to the matters of religion that Allah has passed down for His servants, water is vital to all human life so the clarity and uprightness of Shariah is the means of life for the soul and the mind. (www.ourisalmonline.com) Over one and half million people living in Britain are Muslims. The Muslim community in Britain is mostly Asian, people who have immigrated are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and East Africa; also there is a minority of Muslims from Cyprus, Turkey, the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia who are also permanently settled here in Britain for employment and business. Psychologically a person would judge her/himself by her/his ideals whereas one tends to judge others by their practices and this is also true of interaction between cultural groups. Muslims living in Britain, for example would judge the majority group, the British as a homogeneous group referring to it as the other. This emphasises the characteristics and behaviour, which are most different from their own, they will tend to judge more in their view of the Islamic ideal. It is the same for the British who will judge the characteristics of Muslims in view of their own ideal based upon a conception of what is typically British. (Roald 2001, 119) The family is the central to the whole scheme of social life as seen by Islam; therefore it must be preserved and strengthened at all costs. This concern is due to a number of laws laid down by Islam, for example like those regarding the relationship between the sexes and their intermingling, punishments for extra-marital sex, dress and many other related things. Unlike the structure of English families, the family structure of the Muslim family is very different, it includes well defined rights and obligations and the Muslim parents are enjoined in the Quran to meet their family obligations with kindness and justice. The Quran asks the children to love and respect their parents; mothers in particular as the most worthy of respect, help and love. Due to this particular nature of Islam as a total way of life and the role of the family life, the younger generation of Muslims in Britain are often in a state of confusion and conflict in meeting the religious and the family duty on one hand and on the other trying to gain total acceptance within the English communities in which they study, work in which they are surrounded in. Some British cultures believe that Islam is a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him). They say that He was the Founder of Islam and that at times it is referred to as Mohammadanism. Islam stresses upon the fact that it is not a new religion and that Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him) did not bring a new faith. Islam says that he was the last of the Prophets, which included Abraham, Moses and Jesus and that He only renewed what they had preached. He cannot be called the Founder of Islam and Islam can defiantly not be called Mohammadanism. (Al-Attas 1978, 21) Islamic life is based on two foundations, which is belief and action. The fundamental beliefs that Islam teaches are the belief in One God (Allah), in all the Prophets of Allah last of all was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the belief in the Quran; and in the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Judgement and the life after death. Muslims also must believe in the angels, as the servants of Allah who bring His message to the Prophets and obey and implement His commands. Belief in the Oneness of Allah is the foundation of Islam; Allah is One, Unique, the All Powerful, the Sustainer and Nourisher of the entire world; in Whose hands are the life and death of all creatures. Every Muslim is required as an important part of his faith is to believe and respect all the Prophets of Allah. Denial of one is the denial of all. Islam is based on five pillars; these are the basic and formal structure of worship, which enables a Muslim to transform his entire life into an act of worship. The first pillar is the declaration of faith, which is known as the Shahadah, the second pillar is prayer, to pray five times a day (this is known as Salah). The third pillar is the welfare due to the needy (Zakah), the fourth is to fast during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) and the final pillar is to go at least once in a life time on the pilgrimage to Makka (Hajj) if one can afford to and is fit in health wise. (Basic Principals of Islam, 5) The Shariah is in the Holy Quran and the life example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is embodied in the Sunnah and this is where the law is revealed by Allah for the Muslims. The Islamic Law is not made by Muslims. The law is interpreted by Muslim scholars but once it is derived from the Quran or the Sunnah it can never not even by a simple comma be changed. The Western mass media have tended to present a distorted and biased view of the Islamic Law and have associated it with the particular Muslim countries in relation to singular dramatic events such as the event on September 11th. The Shariah is explained in K.J. Murads article the Shariah is not merely a collection of dos and donts, or just a set of criminal laws prescribing punishments for certain crimes. The Shariah literally means a clear path. It is the path that man, in Islam must walk as he toils and strives to reach his Creator. It is the yearning deep within to seek the Lord and the Master that the Shariah translates into steps, concrete and measured, on the pathways of life. The Shariah is the fulfilment of the total man inner and outer, individual and corporate as he strives to live by the will of his One and only God. (Ahsan and McDermott 1993, p29). The Shariah consists of things which are expressly prohibited (haram) for example eating any food derived from the pig, consuming alcohol, gambling, interest and adultery are specifically forbidden. There are certain Muslim practices in which people who are involved in various relationships with Muslims require a certain amount of information. These are related to various aspects such food, dress, sex, marriage, family, public worship etc. It is necessary not only to have the full information on the Islamic Law but the relations and attitudes on these matters. It is also vital to understand and respect the norms and values which belong to a culture different from the Western but in no way less civilised or inferior. Islam develops a framework of life where this world and the other world are fused together and has joined it into a whole. This world, this place is not something to be run away from, there is only a very short stay here for where the human beings placed on this earth are being examined, tested, purified and developed by the Almighty Allah. Man must stay within his or her limits and is allowed to use all the good things which are available on this earth. Nothing created can be made unlawful without authority from the Creator, there can be no ignorance, superstition, traditions and customs. In the British culture ignorance and superstition has increased a lot. There is ignorance between friends, families, business companies over authority, hierarchical needs. There is ignorance between friends over clothes, money, and fashion tastes and if they belong and are member of a social group. Various forms of supersitiions have embedded in peoples minds over time in Britain for example if you break a mirror you will have bad luck for seven years, walking underneath a ladder brings a person bad luck, Friday the 13th etc. Traditions and customs are more compulsory in the Asian community especially in places such as Pakistan but they still remain in the British culture but it is not as strong. Traditions and customs of a Pakistani family based in Pakistan tend to have more arranged marriages and allow their child only to get married to someone whom is of the same language and background. Whereas now in Britain it has become common for Muslims from different countries and backgrounds to get married and it is more of a free choice. Islam also urges that the needs and the desires of the body are not caused by evil within the person. All of them which is food, drink, sleep and sex should be satisfied only within the limitations set by Allah, once they are satisfied in violation of the limits set by the Almighty do they then become evil. (Lewis 1994, 111) According to Islam all foods are lawful and consumable unless it is stated in the Quran or the Sunnah otherwise. All varieties of fish and all kinds of vegetables are allowed in Islam, it is only the variety of meat, which Islam discriminates between certain animals. Pig in all forms and carnivorous animals whether slaughtered ritually or not is specifically forbidden. According to the Islamic law, the animal should be killed in such a way that blood flows out, usually by a very sharp knife penetrating the inner part of the animals neck and the name of Allah should be said upon it while it is being killed. Muslim communities in Britain has set up their own system of supplying halaal meat through shops run by Muslims. Nowadays supermarkets such as Safeways also supply halaal meat. The Kosher meat of the Jews is can also be eaten by Muslims, as the Jewish religion slaughter their animals in a very similar way also mentioning the name of God over them. Other foods sold in supermarkets which is either prepared or unprepared, Muslims need to read the list of ingredients very carefully whenever he or she intend to buy any food. The main problem in Britain unfortunately is giving the information about the ingredients in certain products as it is not legally binding. (www.youngmuslims.ca) In Islam it does not mention at all in the Quran or the Hadith of which dress a Muslim male or a Muslim female should wear. It has given broad outlines to all Muslims that they should cover their bodies properly and with decency.the minimum part of the body that should be covered by the man is from his navel to his knees and for a woman, she should be covered from head to toe leaving only the face and the hands. The main problem in the British culture between Muslims and non-Muslims is the competition between each other in fashion and taste to impress the opposite sex. Non-Muslims would and are able to go to extreme measures especially the female sex to make themselves more attractive by wearing fitted and revealing outfits. This has an influence on the Muslim females as they are in conflict in meeting religious obligations on one hand and gaining total acceptance with the host community. It has been realised that there is a Muslim Community in Britain, which believes in Islam. The Muslim child in Britain is likely to speak his native language (Urdu, Pashto, Bengali, Punjabi or Gujarati in most cases) at home, Arabic in prayers and English at school. In spiritual, religious and educational matters the Islamic religion gives man and woman equal rights making no differentiation between their opportunities in education and learning. The Prophet Muhammad (May Allah bring peace upon him) said Pursuit of learning is a duty for every Muslim man and women without distinction between, since learning is venerated in Islam and its pursuit obligatory. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p12). Although Islam allows the equal rights to men and women but these rights are not necessarily those which will help them to follow the same roles and fulfil the same functions as society. The Holy Quran emphasises the womanly duties set upon them such the role of a wife and the motherly role. It is a lot of responsibility and it takes up a lot of the time of the women. In the hands of the women is the care of her familys social, religious and moral welfare whereas the male of the house, expectations from him are the fatherly roles and to be a husband, and also he is expected to accept the responsibility for providing the means by which the family may survive. According to Islam, there is a specific sex individuality in man and woman which they must preserve and cherish because it is this individuality which gives them honour and dignity and enables them to fulfil in an effective manner their specific role in society. In the Hadith it clearly shows that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) strongly disapproved of either sex imitating the behaviour of the other n their dress and manners. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p13). Sex relationships outside marriage are clearly forbidden; an even intimate or sensual conversation between members of the opposite sex is disapproved of. This leads on to the point which is causing great concern to many Muslim parents in Britain today. These fears are similar to many of the Christian parents whom have gone through and still also do, in the face of growing permissiveness within this society. Some Muslim parents have even been prepared to keep their daughters at home in order to avoid conflict between the religious methods which confronts them when they reach secondary school age. The girls are not allowed to enter the free society of males other than close relations. This means that no Muslim girl ought to go a mixed secondary school. Also it must not be forgotten that a young unmarried Muslim male also needs a great deal of guidance. In the Times Educational Supplement there was an article saying that in and out of school life teenage girls were subjected to strong sexual pressures of various kinds. There is a constant drive towards early dating, their contemporaries expect it, commercial world exploits it. For many girls the single sex school was almost the only place where they could value others and be valued by them as persons with social intellectual and temperamental qualities to be enjoyed and fulfilled quite apart from the accident of sex'. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p17). A Muslim child faces a very distressing conflict situation with respect to the many and varied roles he is required to play. For a Muslim child, the parents, with their Islamic, ethnic and village background; the family, the peer group within and outside the home, the mass media, the school environment, the teacher, the text book and society in general all combine together to put upon him very confusing and conflicting demands. What the child needs is a very high degree of sympathy and understanding from his home and his school. Given moral support from the family, guidance from the mosque and religious tolerance and respect from teachers and community workers, the young Muslim can learn to fulfil the rights and obligations upon him or her within the British society. In modern times, forces such as Western-style nationalism, tribalism and linguistic affinities, as well as the different ways in which various parts of the Islamic world have experienced the modern world and such forces as colonialism, secular nationalism, racialism and Western lay humanism have caused a significant variation in the manner and degree of attachment of many Muslims to Islam. (Nasr 1997, p78). There are Muslims in this world who never miss their daily prayers and live as much as they can by the Shariah, who consider their manner and attitude of following Islam to be the only manner. Yet again in contrast in the modern world there are also others who do not follow by the laws and still consider themselves as being defiantly Muslims. Also there are even who do not do anything specifically Islamic yet call themselves Muslims and would protest if called anything else. (Eaton 1997, 89), (www.usc.edu) Referencing Ahsan, M McDermott, M (1980) The Muslim Guide The Islamic Foundations Al-Attas, S (1978) Islam and Secularisation, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Basic Principals of Islam, Albirr Foundations U.K. Eaton, G (1997) Islam and the Destiny of Man, The Islamic Text Society Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools Lewis, P (1994) Islamic Britain, I.B. Tauris Nasar, S (1987) Traditional Islam un the Modern World, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Roald, A (2001) Women in Islam, London and New York www.bbc.co.uk www.usc.edu www.ourisalmonline.com)

othello :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in Othello are very profound. They are very dependent on their men. During the 16th Century, women were traditional and accustomed to being submissive to their men/husband. Desdemona secretly married Othello a â€Å"Moor† (a black man). She is devoted to her husband, and respects and obeys his wishes. Even though Othello can be cruel to Desdemona, his wife Desdemona responds to her husband in a way that she gets her point across, and still respects Othello. Women during the 16th century were not highly honored by men. During that time women in Othello were very dependent on men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Desdemona father has learned that she has married Othello. Her father Senator Brabinto is very furious. Desdemona has come to confront her father: â€Å"How to respect you. You are the Lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter. But he’s my husband, and you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess. Due to the Moor my Lord†(lit.act1sceneIII v186-91) Desdemona is saying she loves and respects her father the same as her mother did, but she also respects her husband, and will stand by Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emilia’s is the wife of Iago. Emilia is cynical, and a worldly woman. She speaks as though she understands and knows men very well. To Emilia men are callous and betraying. They want whatever they can not have, and what they have they do not want. Her relationship with her husband is unworthy. Iago lies and will do anything to get what he wants. Emilia is asked by her husband to steal a handkerchief of her mistress (a maid), Desdemona. Emilia refuses to do such a thing. She love Desdemona and would never hurt her. Coincidently Emilia found the handkerchief lying on the floor. She surprised Iago with the handkerchief, and he is well pleased. Emilia’s regard for Othello is unpleasant. She realizes that Othello is very jealous towards Desdemona, his wife, and she does not like how he speaks to Desdemona.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Is he not jealous† (lit act III scene1 v 22) â€Å"‘Tis not a year or two show us a man. They are but stomach, and we all but food; they eat us hungerly; and when they are full they belch us† (act III scene4 v 99-102) Emilia is stating that when men bellies are full and they had enough to eat they move on to the next meal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bianca, a very fair looking woman, and is only mentioned in small detail.

David Brooks -One Nation Slight Divisible Essay

Brooks discussed the differences between the two groups. He described how â€Å"Red America† was made up of farmers and rural communities, while â€Å"Blue America† consisted of big cities with many stores and businesses. As Brooks looked at the red and blue sections of the electoral map, he was interested in the reasons behind the voting patterns. He chose two cities to represent these two sections: Franklin County in Pennsylvania for â€Å"Red America†, and Montgomery County in Maryland for â€Å"Blue America†. He lived in Montgomery county and spent time talking with different people in Franklin county. Brooks began to look deeper at the reasons for the differences between the two groups and wondered if America was really a united nation anymore. The first reason that Brooke considered was economics. He examined his theory that the rich and the poor have separated. The blue states had higher incomes, higher end stores, and jobs. Brooks asked people if they agreed that money was   what had divided the U.S. Although most people greed with that statement, most did not consider themselves the people with less, and it was the ones with less that seemed more content with what they had. As he spent more and more time with the people, he found that it was really not money that split the nation. . The next idea he had was religion. He found that the percentage of people involved in religion was higher in red states. There were more churches in Franklin, and more people attended a weekly religious service. Even with these statistics, Brooks again found it was not religion. He found there were still †bad people† and problems in both cities. Yes there were differences, but the differences didn’t seem to be enough to divide the nation. The final hypothesis Brooks dove into was self. Brooks saw that in â€Å"Red America† there was less striving to be unique and impress others. Humility was much more prevalent in the red states, while people in the blue states tended to place a larger focus on self. Brooke’s decided that this was a big difference, but not big enough to be the reason for division. After looking at all these thoughts, Brooks concluded that the U.S. is not divided, but instead it is a â€Å"Cafeteria Nation.† Brooks said that everyone has their own group to hang out with, just like what you would find in a school cafeteria. There may be differences between people, but in the end they all come together as a nation to help each other in times of trouble. Brooks used the example of 9/11, to demonstrate this principle and then concluded that our nation was not and is not divided after all.

Components of Fitness Coursework

The health of someone is the state of mental, physical and social well being they are in. Most people think of health as a person who has or hasn't got a disease and illness. There are two main types of fitness that make up the way a person is, these are: physical fitness and motor fitness. Getting your fitness to its maximum and maintaining it is a very important and often difficult as it requires a lot of thought, time and effort. Athletes who over-train their bodies become weaker and are more likely to get diseases and illnesses. The components of physical fitness are reaction time, power, agility, balance, flexibility and co-ordination. The meaning of strength is â€Å"the ability to exert a force against a resistance†. An example of this is the strength needed by a weight lifter to lift a 200kg barbell. Mariusz Pudzianowski , the world's strongest man champion of 2008, has to train himself to lifting extremely heavy things such as cars, people, etc. some body builders also take steroids to improve their performance in many sports. This is considered illegal and the sports person that does this is disqualified from the sport they have taken part in. There are 3 different types of strength. The types of strength are: * Maximum strength – the greatest force that is possible in a single maximum contraction * Elastic strength – the ability to overcome a resistance with a fast contraction * Strength endurance – the ability to express force many times over Flexibility is the ability to perform a joint action through a variety of movement. The objective of flexibility training is to improve the range of movement a person can perform. In any movement there are two groups of muscles at work: * The main muscles which cause the movement to take place * opposing the movement and determining the amount of flexibility are the opposed muscles Alina Kabaeva is one of the world's most famous Russian athletes for being very flexible and is Russia's most successful gymnast. She improves her skills by training with her coach and by increasing the body joints to its full performance. Endurance is a muscle's ability to perform a maximum stamina time after time. An example of this is when somebody runs a race and is able to keep going from the start to the end. The objective of endurance is to develop stamina in a person's body for a long period of time. Speed is the quickness of movement. This is used in all types of sports in tackling and running. Speed is one of the main components of fitness. Sprinting is also included in speed. Sprinting is when a person uses all the energy they have left in them to increase their speed drastically. This is usually used at the end of a race after staying at a steady pace to save energy. Usain Bolt, the world's fastest man since the Olympics 2008 has been able to train himself to run at extreme speeds through various types of training, a healthy lifestyle and body composition In fitness, body composition describes the percentages of fat, bone and muscle in a person's body. Because muscle tissue takes up less space in our body than fat, both our body composition and our weight, determines the body composition. For example, if an obese person was to race an athlete that was in a healthy state, the person with more weight would lose because there is too much fat compared to his or her bone and muscle. Co-ordination is the ability to carry out a group of movements smoothly and efficiently. All sports need the coordination of eyes, hands and feet. Racket sports like tennis involve all coordination's of hands, eyes and feet. There are a few drills which can improve your hand-eye co-ordination like catching tennis balls in none hand for a minute and then changing hands. You can practice them on your own or with someone else but keep concentrating and you'll notice the difference. Tim Henman, Great Britain's number one tennis player has to do drills like this daily to improve his hand-eye co-ordination. Balance is the ability to control the body's position, either stationary or while moving. If this is done correctly, a person will be able to complete a series of moves without falling. Balance is usually used in sports like gymnastics or athletics. Sally Gunnell is an athlete that improves her balance by improving her motor skills. Another way to improve your balance is by improving posture. If this is done well, There could be a great improvement in balance. Agility is the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions. In various fields of sports competition, the body is constantly asked to perform movements from unfamiliar joint angles. If these are done correctly, the body is able to respond quickly to different angles that are needed in sporting events. An example for a sport that involves agility is athletics or on a trampoline. You can improve your agility by practicing the movements in training. An athlete that needs this for their profession is Dame Kelly Holmes Power is the ability to do strength performances quickly using almost all of your energy and normally with heavy things. The main parts of the body used in the process are the arm muscles as well as the legs to help the person balance themselves. Power is mainly used in sports involving lifting things that are heavy such as the hammer throw in the Olympics. An athlete that has done this in the Olympics is Alex Smith. The final component for skill related fitness is reaction time. This is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. An example would be reacting to the starting pistol at the start of a 100m race. It important in many sports and activities and depends on the nervous system mostly. This can be improved through practice or training. Different people have different reaction times because of the nervous system. A person with good reaction time is Usain Bolt. Alcohol, smoking and drugs all affect a sports performer's lifestyle in negative ways. George Best died of liver failure because of his drinking problems and this ruined his life before as well. It earlier stopped him from playing football before he had a transplant. Some people use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections because they think steroids can improve their sports performance or the way they look. Nathan Allen was banned from the Olympic gamed this year because of the steroid pills she took to enhance her performance. She has been banned for two years. This type of drug abuse can get a person banned from any sport there if it is found out. There have been many top athletes who smoke. Zinedine Zidane, a famous French football player caused a small gossip when he was photographed before an important 2006 World Cup game smoking a cigarette. Smoking can wreck your lungs and reduce oxygen available for muscles used during sports. They also run slower and can't run as far, affecting overall athletic performance. This affects people's performance in a negative way as it could possibly end their career. Despite all the tobacco use on TV and in different types of media, no athlete does smoke as it could change their lives completely by making them lose all fame and fortune! Many athletes sleep poorly during the night before a major competition or after crossing several time zones to compete, but most athletes aren't sure exactly how this loss of sleep will affect their performances. One problem in figuring out how no sleep influences exercise ability and scientists or doctors don't completely understand sleep itself. Too much sleep is not good for you but neither is no sleep is worse. If a performer doesn't sleep, his performance in a game will be poor and can be removed from the team.

Price discrimination and monopolistic competition

Price discrimination and monopolistic competition Introduction Consumers engage in a comprehensive decision making process in their consumption processes. Some of the elements that consumers are concerned with relate to product quality and price. Consumers have limited income, and thus they select what to purchase and at what price. Boyes (2011) posits, â€Å"Consumers are heterogeneous in their preferences between price and quality† (p.29).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Price discrimination and monopolistic competition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consumers’ decision to purchase a particular product is motivated by the desire to attain a certain desired level of utility. On the other hand, firms provide consumers with a wide range of products and services, which are offered at different prices. Product pricing is subject to different factors; for example, the cost of production, product quality, and the firm’s profit maximisation obje ctive. According to Hirschey (2009), businesses have an obligation to set optimal product prices failure to which they will not be in a position to achieve their profit maximisation objectives. Despite this aspect, the ability of an organisation to set optimal price is subject to the prevailing level of competition. According to Varian (2010), the competitive market is characterised by a large number of firms that deal identical products and this aspect limits a firm’s ability to exploit the consumers by selling the product at a high price. Varian (2010) asserts, â€Å"Any attempt by one of the firms to sell its products at a higher price than the market price leads consumers to desert the high of third-degree discrimination occurs in learning institutions whereby students are offered products and services at a discount at the University Union shops. The shops command a certain degree of monopoly. Moreover, it is possible for the union shops to identify the students as the t argeted consumer group. Consequently, they are in a position to offer products at discounted prices. Publishing companies such as The Wall Street Journal, Barrons, the Economist, and Forbes offer students huge price discount. Other areas in which third degree price discrimination is applied includes movie theatres whereby the price of movie tickets for adults and children differ. Third-degree price discrimination is also applied in drugstores that provide senior citizens with drugs. Rationale for the third-degree price discrimination; student discounts Most publishing companies are committed in attracting and retaining a large number of students to purchase their academic journals and other publications. Consequently, such companies are forced to adopt effective marketing strategies in order to penetrate the learning institutions. One of the strategies adopted relates to price discrimination. The publishing houses are forced to offer students the publication at a relatively low pric e. The firms are motivated by the view that offering their publications at a discounted price to students will lead to the creation of future loyal customers. Students and senior citizens are considered as very sensitive to price. Therefore, in order to attract a large number of students to consume their products, the firms are forced to price-discriminate by integrating a price discount. Therefore, the publishing firms are in a position to maximise their level of profit by marketing to students as one of their essential sub-markets (Varian 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirds of the competing firms include the Wall Street Journal, Barrons, the Economist, Harvard Business Review, and Forbes amongst others. Most of these companies target students in different learning institutions as their potential customers. Moreover, there is no law that bars the publishing companies from offering students their products through the union shops. Consequently, the degree of rivalry in such as submarket is likely to be high (Sexton 2008). In order to attract students, the firms are required to adopt effective market penetration strategies such as providing students with different academic publications through their libraries. However, a large number of sellers limit the firms’ ability to control the market. Despite this aspect, the firms are committed towards improving their competitiveness. Therefore, the firms are forced to adopt effective competitive strategies, for example by incorporating a price discount or improving their service delivery. For instanc e, the firms may provide students with an opportunity to subscribe for library services at a reduced price (Sexton 2008). If a particular firm in such a market increases the price of its products, customers have an option to purchase from its competitors. Another major characteristic of a monopolistically competitive market is that entry to the market is free. Therefore, competing firms can freely enter the market and provide consumers with substitute products. The threat of new entrants tends to reduce the level of economic profit. However, considering the view that the publishing firms are profit-oriented, they are forced to formulate effective strategies in order to survive. According to Hall and Lieberman (2013), monopolistic competitors are motivated by the need to maximise profit. Therefore, they tend to move along the demand curve up to a point that will lead to profit maximisation. Furthermore, monopolistic competitors have the option of shifting their demand curves rightwar ds. This goal is achievable via developing products that are more appealing and adopting strategic locations hence attracting consumers. Other forms of non-price competition include offering product guarantees, better services, advertising to inform the consumers, and free home deliveries. Adopting non-price competition improves an organisation’s ability to maximise profit. Despite their effectiveness in influencing the consumers’ purchase decision, monopolistic competitors do not have extensive market powers due to the existence of a large number of rival firms, which offer close substitutes. Most plausible explanation for the pricing strategy This analysis shows that the aforementioned behaviour by publishing companies such as the Economist and the Financial Times can be explained based on two main frameworks, which include price discrimination and monopolistic competition. However, a number of conditions must be satisfied in order for a firm to adopt any of the two strategies. For price discrimination to occur, the market must be characterised by some degree of imperfection. Secondly, a firm must be in a position to split the total market into a number of submarkets. Thirdly, the consumers must be characterised by different price elasticity of demand. These conditions provide the suppliers with an opportunity to set different prices for the same product. Therefore, the firm is in a position to maximise its profit by attracting a large number of customers. In most cases, price discrimination is incorporated with the objective of creating welfare effect on the part of the consumer. The publishing companies are established with the objective of maximising profit. Consequently, they have an obligation to adopt effective pricing strategies. Moreover, the publishing companies operate in an industry that is characterised by intense competition sue to the many firms in the industry. In order to survive in such an industry, the publishing companies are forced to offer their products to students at highly discounted prices. This aspect leads to the development of a high level of customer loyalty. The firms are in a position to attract and retain a large number of customers. Therefore, the monopolistic competition framework can best explain the behaviour of the publishing companies. Conclusion Price is a critical component in the survival of businesses. Moreover, most markets are experiencing an increment in the intensity of competition. Therefore, in order to survive in the long term, it is imperative for businesses to adopt effective pricing strategies in order to maximise their profit, which can be achieved by adopting the concepts of price discrimination. Furthermore, firms can also adopt strategies that will set them as effective monopolistic competitors. Reference List Boyes, W 2011, Managerial economics, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Cowan, S 2007, ‘The welfare effect of the third degree price discrimination with non-linea r demand functions’, Journal of Economics, vol. 38 no. 2, pp. 419-428. Hall, R Lieberman, M 2013, Economics; principles and applications, Cengage Learning, Mason. Hirschey, M 2009, Managerial economics, Cengage Learning, Mason. Muller-Langer, F 2008, Creating RD incentives for medicines for neglected diseases: An economic analysis of parallel imports, patents and alternative mechanisms to stimulate pharmaceutical research, Gabler, Wiesbaden. Sexton, R 2008, Exploring economics, Thomson, Mason. Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, University of California, Berkeley.

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality Research Paper

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality - Research Paper Example Managing human resources in hospitality is a challenging experience that requires effective planning and high level of competency (Hayes & Ninemeier, 2009). An article by Jarpi (2007) explains more about human resource in hospitality. The article explains that owners of hospitality business must be rational critical thinkers and have deep understanding on the changing rules and regulations. The author further argues that promotion of employees in the hospitality industry should be based on skills and experience. Incompetent workforce is dangerous to work with since it contributes to poor performance of the business. In this regard, effective policies should be put in place to ensure smooth operation of the workforce in an organization (Ming-chih, Haiyan & Kevin, 2011). Marketing hospitality refers to the process of selling out products and services of a hospitality firm to the target market. Marketing hospitality takes different forms, for instance; advertising, product promotion, offering of competitive prices, branding and many others.. According to Reid & Bojanic (2010), effective marketing strategies should be employed in order to boost sales and profitability in the hospitality sector. Fields (2014) wrote an article postulating various hospitality marketing strategies that can be used to boost the profits of a hospitality firm. The article states that extensive market research and establishment of realistic plans for achieving the foreseen goals and objectives of a business firm are the basic factors to success. In addition, Fields further states that, accountability is a crucial factor to consider as far as marketing hospitality is concerned. The article outlines that advertisements can be done through the print and electronic media, depending on the target market and the firm’s financial position. The modern technology has aided in providing numerous avenues for posting advertisements. For instance, the use of social media

Environmental Management in a New Zealand Assignment

Environmental Management in a New Zealand - Assignment Example Similarly the global concerns found expression in the various discussions held on the international platform that have led to the creation of many treaties and agreements that have significantly altered and in a way improved our laws and policies regarding the environment. The combined efforts of the environmental agencies, the native inhabitants, the business houses and the government have been instrumental in bringing about the positive changes that one can see today in New Zealand’s natural environment. The well-thought-out plan of action and systematic procedure followed by the country to improve its environment has set an ideal example for the rest of the world. The environmental management system in New Zealand underwent extensive reformation during the period from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. New Zealand’s approach to handling the environmental issues, prior to the 1990s, was highly fragmented and disorganized. It was only in the 1940s that the awareness of environmental issues began to be a part of the country’s national consciousness, leading to passing of legislations, setting up of advisory bodies, and allocation of management duties to the government, local agencies, committees and councils. The nation’s first specimen of a systematic environment management measure was the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Act passed in the year 1941. The act laid down the specifications for setting up of local catchment boards to regulate the conservation of water and soil across various towns and villages. This stance of using topographical boundaries as a tool for conserving water was something totally novel and unhea rd of at that point of time. But soon it became very popular with other nations who looked forward to execute it as an inexpensive yet effective method. To supervise the water conservation activities under this program, a national

Salvador Dali's History Backriound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salvador Dali's History Backriound - Essay Example The essay "Salvador Dali's History Backriound" aims to analyze Salvador Dali's background. Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter. His parents had a strong influence on his development and artistic practices as his father’s strict disciplinarian approach contributed to Dali’s structured pursuit of art, while his mother’s creative nature influenced his artistic process. In 1926 he would leave Spain and move to Paris, where he came into contact with Pablo Picasso. While Dali had experimented with Cubist methods during this time in Madrid, it was clear that he did not fully understand the genre. During the next few years Dali would produce work heavily influenced by Picasso and fellow surrealist Joan Miro. Dali would then go on to combine a broad variety of influences into his work. Among these influences included academia, classical and modernist techniques, as well as recent psychological explorations by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Through World War II and his later life Dali would increasingly focus on his unique approach to surrealist art. When examining Dali’s art it’s clear that there are a number of notable elements related to subject matter, content, meaning, and iconography. One notes that in examining Dali’s art within this context of understanding that his work has shifted during different periods of the artist’s life. Still, throughout these periods Dali implemented characteristic forms of oil on canvas in constructing his works. He became primarily interested in exploring abstract notions.

In what ways wining Ca state lottery makes you bad Essay

In what ways wining Ca state lottery makes you bad - Essay Example This weakens their mental concentration towards their studies, and this will shamble their academic performance. It is also factual that many students after winning lottery money they are subject to poor financial management and this often cause them more psychological stress hence devastating their academic progress. Empirical research also shows that many college students who become millionaires due to lottery money have the high tendency of quitting their studies and embark on ill-advised investments. Consequently, some students end up in debt, and this may cause them being hospitalize due to the depression they undergo as a result of shock. Disparagingly, they come to realize their mistakes after exhausting the money; rather too late for any rectification action to be taken. What’s more, recent reports have found that students who win lottery money lose trust with almost everybody including their colleagues, family members, and even their teachers. It is true that winning the big top prize could be hard to trust anyone or any new person. Consequently, one’s safety is compromised. Additionally, college students who win the big Jackpot tend to become more vulnerable, unlike before. This is because the money they possess may make them be kidnap, or even be killed, and this will automatically make the winner uncomfortable. While lottery money helps a student to cope up with college life by empowering them financially, it ruins students by giving them enough cash to engage in drug abuse, and this money may transform these students to drug dealers. Therefore, this may cause them their live such as being killed or lifetime imprisonment for violating the state’s constitutional declarations. Therefore, if a student winning lottery money is not monitored, they may use the money to ruin their life and even the life of others. From the above elucidations, it is ostensible

Implementing a Supply Chain Management System

Implementing a Supply Chain Management System Advantages and Disadvantages of Implementing a Supply Chain Management System A Supply Chain Management system is an information system which integrates the primary inbound logistics business activity. Supply Chain Management system supports inbound and outbound logistics procurement as well as procurement support activities. Supply Chain Management systems support three basic processes which are source, purchase and settle; because Supply Chain Management systems support the three basic processes the process itself of the supply chain has become faster and more efficient. One advantage of implementing a supply chain management system within an organization is that it has expanded supply chain speed which is the dollar value of good exchanged in a given period of time; this allows for companies make their processes quicker and more efficient. Another advantage for implementing a Supply Chain Management is that the Supply Chain Management System enables both the supplier and the customer to reduce the size of inventories therefore reducing inventory costs which in the long run will assist the company grow because they are keeping their costs low. This reduction in inventory costs is possible because the speed and the efficiency provided by information systems enable processing of small orders fast. SCM Systems also help improve delivery scheduling this occurs because the suppliers are able to deliver materials and components at the time and sequence needed this enables just-in-time inventory which allows manufacturers to reduce raw materials and handle of raw materials. SCM Systems also are an advantage because it creates processes to achieve strategies. The SCM Systems are mainly developed for support for business processes which assist organizations achieve competitive advantage over other companies as well as helping to avoid creating systems that are unrelated to organizations strategy. The last advantage of a SCM system is it fixes bullwhip effect which is the tendency of consumers to buy more than they would need in the immediate fu ture. The disadvantages to implementing a Supply Chain Management System are that it can be expensive and difficult for some employees to learn. While some employees want change and are not reluctant to modifications to their current system many other employees will resist the change; which would result in the organization having to deal with this which can drive costs of implementing such a system even higher. Another reason implementing a SCM System is a disadvantage is because for some organizations it may require them to change substantially because their current system is very basic; therefore, implementation of such a highly advanced system could change the organization considerably. If a company grows significantly, such as NIKE did, then SCM can become a hindrance because the company grows and the system could become irrelevant towards the companys main objective. An additional drawback of implementing a SCM System is that there could be a lack of appreciation for the system just a s there was for NIKE; this is based on the statement made by the Nike CIO, Gordon Steele, he thought that that this system would have been an easier solution for the problems Nike was facing but in essence it turned out to much more complicated. Another disadvantage for implementing a SCM System is that even though a company may think that they have trained their employees enough, the reality of this can be that there is never enough training available, which Nikes CIO stated again. Options for Acquiring a SCM System Companies must first acknowledge that there is a problem with their organizational system. In the case, Nike sensed that there was an issue with their current business model in that it focused on centralization but increasingly became more and more decentralized. Its only option was to acquire a SCM system to create greater supply chain visibility. They were to find vendors by shopping around for SCM systems and the organizations that program them. So they had to search for information on how to solve their problem. Nike understood that they had to quickly and accurately analyze the impacts of proposed SCM . Business should use information to evaluate alternative brands in the choice set and assess the capabilities of each. Negotiation of the terms and conditions would follow. The purchase decision follows and the business decides to buy the program. Nike addressed this issue by implementing SAP ERP in conjunction with i2 software to be its information system. The final step is the post purchase evaluation in which the company takes further action after the purchase based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The advantages of each option: Reduce costs of buying and selling, increases supply chain speed, reduces size and cost of inventories, and improves delivery scheduling. This disintermediation that occurs when eliminating the middle layers in the supply chain will increase market efficiency. The disadvantages of each option: Technology and user training. Raw Material Purchasing Process In order for there to even be a raw material purchasing process there must be a supply chain for which the raw materials get transferred through. A supply chain is considered a network of organizations/facilities that transform raw materials into products delivered to customers. The main purpose of a raw material purchasing process is for a company to be able to successfully transfer raw materials into intermediate goods which can then be transferred to finals good and delivered to the customer; this is all done to ensure that the customer gets the service as efficiently and prompt as possible. The processes itself is started once the customer realizes that there is a need or want for a product. The customer then places an order for their service through the retailer. The retailers then in-return must order from the distributors that would dispense to the retailers. The distributers are then required to order from the manufactures that develop or create the product but in order for the distributers to develop or create the product they have to order the supplies from the suppliers that they receive their materials from. The suppliers are the ones with the original raw material. Once the supply chain is complete from the customers realization up to the suppliers being notified of the raw material being needed all items are delivered and the suppliers payment goes through the same process; retailers get paid by customer the retailers pay the distributors distributors pay manufactures-manufactures pay supplier. Potential Pitfalls in Implementing a SCM System The increasing outsourcing that occurs is one of the potential pitfalls that may be Encountered when implementing a supply chain management system. Shrinking product lifecycles, intensifying economic pressures, and constant changes in supply, demand, and product make supply chain optimization harder than ever. Existing systems generate plans that become obsolete the moment theyre finished, while spreadsheets and ad hoc databases lack the visibility and collaborative capabilities organizations need to swiftly and effectively monitor and respond to change. Another downfall encountered is that user training must be administered and completed before implementing a supply chain management system. Major Tasks that need to be Completed Evidently Nike has not spent enough time and effort in implementing their supply chain process to coincide with the organization. Which is why they now must purchase a new SCM system, but before implementing this new system, major tasks must be done in order for it to work efficiently. A successful SCM System requires a change from managing individual functions to integrating activities into key supply chain processes. Supply Chain Management entails coordination and configuration of the process that is necessary to make products available in a timely, reproducible and pleasing manner. Nike must first come up with a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for their product or service. A big part in Supply Chain Management, that Nike failed to strive in, is monitoring the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers. As Nike grew and times changed, their central control became more centralized leading them to 27 different order managements systems worldwide. This clearly has led to their downfall, and evidently Nike must look over and choose suppliers to deliver the goods and services they need to create their product. Supply chain managers must develop a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers if not satisfied with the original and also create a better system for monitoring and improving their relationships. The manufacturing step is most important because this is when supply chain managers schedule the activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery. Nike must develop a proper procurement process, this is important because Nike extends globally. This is the process of strategic plans made with suppliers to support the manufacturing flow management process and the development of new products. Procurement delivers the responsibility for assuring the quality of purchased raw material/services and linking supplier operations to distribution through manufacturing activities. This step allows for measurement of quality levels, production output and worker productivity. Nike must ensure that the manufacturing processes are flexible to respond to market changes and accommodate mass customization. The product development and commercialization must be looked at as well because it is such a lengthy task. Customers and suppliers must be combined into the product development process in order to reduce time to market because the appropriate products must be developed and successfully launched with shorter time-schedules to remain competitive. If Nike is to attain competitive advantage, then their ultimate aim should be to achieve supply chain excellence before their competitors do. What Nike realized, later than other companies, is that the most important assets to an organization are their employees and consumers. Steele quotes You can never train enough which is only the truth. To ensure that this new system is successful the employees must all need to know how to use work with the system. Hence this is why Nike has now made training an important part of business. As important is the customer service management process; an organization that strives to be successful should use the following steps to build customer relationships: determine mutually satisfying goals for organization/customers establish and maintain customer relationship, and produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers. We all know companies like Nike exist to serve their consumers; hence they must find a clear and concise way of knowing exactly what their consumers want and passing that information through the supply chain to the suppliers correctly.